Shadows of the Golden Horizon: How the “Cross-Country” Recruitment Industry is Trafficking Filipinos from Safe Jobs to Debt Bondage
The pitch was seductive in its simplicity. For “Elena” (a pseudonym to protect her identity), a 32-year-old domestic worker in Dubai, the Facebook advertisement felt like a lifeline thrown into a stagnant sea. It promised a “Guaranteed Work Visa” in Italy under the government’s Decreto Flussi program. No placement fee, it claimed—just a “consultancy fee”






